Principles of Economics - Carl Menger - Table of Contents
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Principles of Economics

  • Introduction by F.A. Hayek
  • Translator's Preface
  • Author's Preface

I. The General Theory of the Good

  • 1. The Nature of Goods
  • 2. The Causal Connections Between Goods
  • 3. The Laws Governing Goods-character
    • A. The Goods-Character of Goods of Higher Order is Dependent on Command of Corresponding Complementary Goods
    • B. The Goods-Character of Goods of Higher Order is Derived From That of The Corresponding Goods of Lower Order
  • 4. Time and Error
  • 5. The Causes of Progress in Human Welfare
  • 6. Property

II. Economy and Economic Goods

  • 1. Human Requirements
    • A. Requirements for Goods of First Order (Consumption Goods)
    • B. Requirements for Goods of Higher Order (Means of Production)
    • C. The Time Limits Within Which Human Needs Are Felt
  • 2. The Available Quantities
  • 3. The Origin of Human Economy and Economic Goods
    • A. Economic Goods
    • B. Non-Economic Goods
    • C. The Relationship Between Economic and Non-Economic Goods
    • D. The Laws Governing the Economic Character of Goods
  • 4. Wealth

III. The Theory of Value

  • 1. The Nature and Origin of Value
  • 2. The Original Measure of Value
    • A. Differences in the Magnitude of Importance of Different Satisfactions (Subjective Factor)
    • B. The Dependence of Separate Satisfactions on Particular Goods (Objective Factor)
    • C. The Influence of Differences in the Quality of Goods on Their Value
    • D. The Subjective Character of the Measure of Value. Labor and Value.
  • 3. The laws Governing the Value of Goods of Higher Order
    • A. The Principle Determining the Value of Goods of Higher Order
    • B. The Productivity of Capital
    • C. The Value of Complementary Quantitites of Goods of Higher Order
    • D. The Value of Individual Goods of Higher Order
    • E. The Value of the Services of Land, Capital, and Labor in Particular

IV. The Theory of Exchange

  • 1. The Foundations of Economic Exchange
  • 2. The Limits of Economic Exchange

V. The Theory of Price

  • 1. Price Formation in an Isolated Exchange
  • 2. Price Formation under Monopoly
    • A. Price Formation and the Distribution of Goods When There is Competition Between Several Persons for a Single Indivisible Monopolized Goods
    • B. Price Formation and the Distribution of Goods When There is Competition for Several Units of a Monopolized Goods
    • C. The Influence of the Price Fixed by a Monopolist on the Quantity of a Monopolized Good that Can be Sold and on the Distribution of the Good Among the Competitiors for It
    • D. The Principles of Monopoly Trading (The Policy of a Monopolist)
  • 3. Price Formation and the Distribution of Goods under Bilateral Competition
    • A. The Origin of Competition
    • B. The Effect of the Quantities of a Commodity Supplies by Competitors on Price Formation; the Effect of Given Prices Set By Them on Sales; and in Both Cases the Effect on the Distribution of the Commodity Among the Competing Buyers
    • C. The Effect of Competition in the Supply of a Good on the Quantity Sold and on the Price at Which It is Offered (The Policies of Competitors)

VI. Use Value and Exchange Value

  • A. The Nature of Use Value and Exchange Value
  • B. The Relationship Between the Use Value and the Exchange Value of Goods
  • C. Changes in the Economic Center of Gravity of the Value of Goods

VII. The Theory of the Commodity

  • 1. The Concept of the Commodity in its Popular and Scientific Meanings
  • 2. The Marketability of Commodities
    • A. The Outer Limits of the Marketability of Commodities
    • B. The Different Degrees of Marketability of Commodities
    • C. The Facility with which Commodities Circulate

VIII. The Theory of Money

  • 1. The Nature and Origin of Money
  • 2. The Kinds of Money Appropriate to Particular Peoples and to Particular Historical Periods
  • 3. Money as a "Measure of Price" and as the most Economic Form for Storing Exchangeable Wealth
  • 4. Coinage

Appendices

  • A. Goods and "Relationships"
  • B. Wealth
  • C. The Nature of Value
  • D. The Measure of Value
  • E. The Concept of Capital
  • F. Equivalence in Exchange
  • G. Use Value and Exchange Value
  • H. The Commodity Concept
  • I. Designations for Money
  • J. History of Theories of the Origin of Money

Index